See trudno on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "trudno"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "trudno"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*trewd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trewd-"
],
[
"*tráudas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tráudas"
],
[
"*trudъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*-inas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-inas"
],
[
"*-ьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьnъ"
],
[
"*trudьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudьnъ"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Old_Polish"
],
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o#Proto-Slavic:_neuter"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Old_Polish"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Old_Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "trudny",
"4": "-o",
"etydate": "beginning of the 15th century",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tráudas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"trudno\">\nFrom trudny + -o. First attested in the beginning of the 15th century.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nFrom trudny + -o. First attested in the beginning of the 15th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "trudno",
"name": "zlw-opl-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "trudny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "trudnie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trudność"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trudzenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "trudzić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -o",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
58
]
],
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie^(transliteration, transcription), Krakow, page 171b:",
"text": "Isczy gest gich (sc. darow) barszo uele, a prestocz trudno gest ge nam oszobno vyslouicz",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with difficulty"
],
"id": "en-trudno-zlw-opl-adv-~ASLTPc~",
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) with difficulty"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
50
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 651:",
"text": "Yako myly Cristus byl yąt y szvyązan bardzo trudno",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cruelly, mercilessly"
],
"id": "en-trudno-zlw-opl-adv-qP0CXhK6",
"links": [
[
"cruelly",
"cruelly"
],
[
"mercilessly",
"mercilessly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trudnie"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/trudnɔ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/trudnɔ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "trudno"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*trewd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trewd-"
],
[
"*tráudas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tráudas"
],
[
"*trudъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*-inas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-inas"
],
[
"*-ьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьnъ"
],
[
"*trudьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudьnъ"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Old_Polish"
],
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o#Proto-Slavic:_neuter"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Polish"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Polish"
],
[
"тру́дно",
"трудно#Russian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:trudno",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nPolish trudno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tráudas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"trudno\">\nInherited from Old Polish trudno.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "trudny",
"3": "-o"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, trudny + -o",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тру́дно"
},
"expansion": "Russian тру́дно (trúdno)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nPolish trudno\nInherited from Old Polish trudno. By surface analysis, trudny + -o. Compare Russian тру́дно (trúdno).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trudniej",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najtrudniej",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trudniej"
},
"expansion": "trudno (comparative trudniej, superlative najtrudniej)",
"name": "pl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"trud‧no"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"trud‧no"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "łatwo"
},
{
"word": "nietrudno"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
17,
23
]
],
"english": "Lead chloride is poorly soluble in water.",
"text": "Chlorek ołowiu jest trudno rozpuszczalny w wodzie.",
"translation": "Lead chloride is poorly soluble in water.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"english": "It's hard to say.",
"text": "Trudno powiedzieć.",
"translation": "It's hard to say.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
12,
19
]
],
"english": "It's really hard to get a job here.",
"text": "Naprawdę trudno tu o pracę.",
"translation": "It's really hard to get a job here.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, with difficulty"
],
"id": "en-trudno-pl-adv-q24zt-kt",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dat<for whom> + :o(acc)<to come by what/whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with dative ‘for whom’ and o (+ accusative) ‘to come by what/whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"dative",
"‘for",
"whom’",
"and",
"o",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘to",
"come",
"by",
"what/whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard, with difficulty [with dative ‘for whom’ and o (+ accusative) ‘to come by what/whom’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciężko"
},
{
"word": "niełatwo"
},
{
"word": "opornie"
},
{
"word": "potrudno"
},
{
"word": "z potrudna"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrud.nɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrud.nɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-udnɔ"
}
],
"word": "trudno"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*trewd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trewd-"
],
[
"*tráudas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tráudas"
],
[
"*trudъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*-inas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-inas"
],
[
"*-ьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьnъ"
],
[
"*trudьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudьnъ"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Old_Polish"
],
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o#Proto-Slavic:_neuter"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Polish"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Polish"
],
[
"тру́дно",
"трудно#Russian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:trudno",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nPolish trudno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tráudas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"trudno\">\nInherited from Old Polish trudno.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "trudny",
"3": "-o"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, trudny + -o",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тру́дно"
},
"expansion": "Russian тру́дно (trúdno)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nPolish trudno\nInherited from Old Polish trudno. By surface analysis, trudny + -o. Compare Russian тру́дно (trúdno).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "trudno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"trud‧no"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"trud‧no"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 0 3 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 0 2 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 0 1 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 0 3 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 0 3 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -o",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"interjection"
],
"word": "trudno i darmo"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "Oh well, I'll have to retake that exam.",
"text": "No trudno, będę musiała poprawić ten sprawdzian.",
"translation": "Oh well, I'll have to retake that exam.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oh well, too bad; expresses acceptance of something unpleasant"
],
"id": "en-trudno-pl-intj-3KG9Zeo6",
"links": [
[
"no",
"no#Polish"
],
[
"oh well",
"oh well"
],
[
"too bad",
"too bad"
],
[
"acceptance",
"acceptance#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often with no) oh well, too bad; expresses acceptance of something unpleasant"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with no"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trud"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trudność"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "trudzić"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cóż"
}
],
"tags": [
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrud.nɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrud.nɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-udnɔ"
}
],
"word": "trudno"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"trȗd",
"trud#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"etymology_text": "From trȗd.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trȗdno",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "тру̑дно",
"links": [
[
"тру̑дно",
"трудно"
]
],
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trȗdno"
},
"expansion": "trȗdno (Cyrillic spelling тру̑дно)",
"name": "sh-adv"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"trud",
"no"
]
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pregnantly"
],
"id": "en-trudno-sh-adv-dzyUBdD2",
"links": [
[
"pregnantly",
"pregnantly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/trûːdno/"
}
],
"word": "trudno"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*trewd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trewd-"
],
[
"*tráudas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tráudas"
],
[
"*trudъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*-inas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-inas"
],
[
"*-ьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьnъ"
],
[
"*trudьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudьnъ"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Old_Polish"
],
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o#Proto-Slavic:_neuter"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Silesian"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Silesian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:trudno",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nSilesian trudno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tráudas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Silesian\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"szl\" }\" data-lang=\"szl\" data-title=\"trudno\">\nInherited from Old Polish trudno.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "trudny",
"3": "-o"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, trudny + -o",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nSilesian trudno\nInherited from Old Polish trudno. By surface analysis, trudny + -o.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "trudno",
"name": "szl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"trud‧no"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"trud‧no"
]
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian terms suffixed with -o",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with difficulty"
],
"id": "en-trudno-szl-adv-~ASLTPc~",
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrud.nɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-udnɔ"
}
],
"word": "trudno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish adverbs",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with etymon",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -o",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "trudno"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "trudno"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*trewd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trewd-"
],
[
"*tráudas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tráudas"
],
[
"*trudъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*-inas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-inas"
],
[
"*-ьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьnъ"
],
[
"*trudьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudьnъ"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Old_Polish"
],
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o#Proto-Slavic:_neuter"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Old_Polish"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Old_Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "trudny",
"4": "-o",
"etydate": "beginning of the 15th century",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tráudas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"trudno\">\nFrom trudny + -o. First attested in the beginning of the 15th century.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nFrom trudny + -o. First attested in the beginning of the 15th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "trudno",
"name": "zlw-opl-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "trudny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "trudnie"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trud"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trudność"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trudzenie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "trudzić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
58
]
],
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie^(transliteration, transcription), Krakow, page 171b:",
"text": "Isczy gest gich (sc. darow) barszo uele, a prestocz trudno gest ge nam oszobno vyslouicz",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with difficulty"
],
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) with difficulty"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
50
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 651:",
"text": "Yako myly Cristus byl yąt y szvyązan bardzo trudno",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cruelly, mercilessly"
],
"links": [
[
"cruelly",
"cruelly"
],
[
"mercilessly",
"mercilessly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "trudnie"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/trudnɔ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/trudnɔ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "trudno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adverbs",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish interjections",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish manner adverbs",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms suffixed with -o",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/udnɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/udnɔ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*trewd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trewd-"
],
[
"*tráudas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tráudas"
],
[
"*trudъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*-inas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-inas"
],
[
"*-ьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьnъ"
],
[
"*trudьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudьnъ"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Old_Polish"
],
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o#Proto-Slavic:_neuter"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Polish"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Polish"
],
[
"тру́дно",
"трудно#Russian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:trudno",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nPolish trudno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tráudas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"trudno\">\nInherited from Old Polish trudno.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "trudny",
"3": "-o"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, trudny + -o",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тру́дно"
},
"expansion": "Russian тру́дно (trúdno)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nPolish trudno\nInherited from Old Polish trudno. By surface analysis, trudny + -o. Compare Russian тру́дно (trúdno).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trudniej",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najtrudniej",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trudniej"
},
"expansion": "trudno (comparative trudniej, superlative najtrudniej)",
"name": "pl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"trud‧no"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"trud‧no"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "łatwo"
},
{
"word": "nietrudno"
}
],
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
17,
23
]
],
"english": "Lead chloride is poorly soluble in water.",
"text": "Chlorek ołowiu jest trudno rozpuszczalny w wodzie.",
"translation": "Lead chloride is poorly soluble in water.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"english": "It's hard to say.",
"text": "Trudno powiedzieć.",
"translation": "It's hard to say.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
12,
19
]
],
"english": "It's really hard to get a job here.",
"text": "Naprawdę trudno tu o pracę.",
"translation": "It's really hard to get a job here.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, with difficulty"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dat<for whom> + :o(acc)<to come by what/whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with dative ‘for whom’ and o (+ accusative) ‘to come by what/whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"dative",
"‘for",
"whom’",
"and",
"o",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘to",
"come",
"by",
"what/whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard, with difficulty [with dative ‘for whom’ and o (+ accusative) ‘to come by what/whom’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciężko"
},
{
"word": "niełatwo"
},
{
"word": "opornie"
},
{
"word": "potrudno"
},
{
"word": "z potrudna"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrud.nɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrud.nɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-udnɔ"
}
],
"word": "trudno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adverbs",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish interjections",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish manner adverbs",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms suffixed with -o",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/udnɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/udnɔ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"interjection"
],
"word": "trudno i darmo"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*trewd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trewd-"
],
[
"*tráudas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tráudas"
],
[
"*trudъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*-inas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-inas"
],
[
"*-ьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьnъ"
],
[
"*trudьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudьnъ"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Old_Polish"
],
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o#Proto-Slavic:_neuter"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Polish"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Polish"
],
[
"тру́дно",
"трудно#Russian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:trudno",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nPolish trudno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tráudas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"trudno\">\nInherited from Old Polish trudno.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "trudny",
"3": "-o"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, trudny + -o",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тру́дно"
},
"expansion": "Russian тру́дно (trúdno)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nPolish trudno\nInherited from Old Polish trudno. By surface analysis, trudny + -o. Compare Russian тру́дно (trúdno).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "trudno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"trud‧no"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"trud‧no"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "intj",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trud"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trudność"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "trudzić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "Oh well, I'll have to retake that exam.",
"text": "No trudno, będę musiała poprawić ten sprawdzian.",
"translation": "Oh well, I'll have to retake that exam.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oh well, too bad; expresses acceptance of something unpleasant"
],
"links": [
[
"no",
"no#Polish"
],
[
"oh well",
"oh well"
],
[
"too bad",
"too bad"
],
[
"acceptance",
"acceptance#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often with no) oh well, too bad; expresses acceptance of something unpleasant"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with no"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cóż"
}
],
"tags": [
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrud.nɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrud.nɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-udnɔ"
}
],
"word": "trudno"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"trȗd",
"trud#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"etymology_text": "From trȗd.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trȗdno",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "тру̑дно",
"links": [
[
"тру̑дно",
"трудно"
]
],
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trȗdno"
},
"expansion": "trȗdno (Cyrillic spelling тру̑дно)",
"name": "sh-adv"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"trud",
"no"
]
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian adverbs",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"pregnantly"
],
"links": [
[
"pregnantly",
"pregnantly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/trûːdno/"
}
],
"word": "trudno"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*trewd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trewd-"
],
[
"*tráudas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/tráudas"
],
[
"*trudъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*-inas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-inas"
],
[
"*-ьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьnъ"
],
[
"*trudьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudьnъ"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Old_Polish"
],
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o#Proto-Slavic:_neuter"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudno",
"trudno#Old_Polish"
],
[
"trudny",
"trudny#Silesian"
],
[
"-o",
"-o#Silesian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:trudno",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nSilesian trudno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tráudas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*trudьnъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Silesian\", \"term\" : \"trudno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"szl\" }\" data-lang=\"szl\" data-title=\"trudno\">\nInherited from Old Polish trudno.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "trudny",
"3": "-o"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, trudny + -o",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *trewd-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas\nProto-Slavic *trudъ\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *trudьnъ\nOld Polish trudny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nOld Polish trudno\nSilesian trudno\nInherited from Old Polish trudno. By surface analysis, trudny + -o.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "trudno",
"name": "szl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"trud‧no"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"trud‧no"
]
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Silesian/udnɔ",
"Rhymes:Silesian/udnɔ/2 syllables",
"Silesian adverbs",
"Silesian entries with etymology texts",
"Silesian entries with etymology trees",
"Silesian entries with etymon",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms suffixed with -o",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian terms with audio pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"with difficulty"
],
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrud.nɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-udnɔ"
}
],
"word": "trudno"
}
Download raw JSONL data for trudno meaning in All languages combined (23.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.